Aerospace engineer KR Sridhar all the time dreamed massive: He used to work with NASA on expertise to transform carbon dioxide into oxygen to help life on different planets or let people breathe air on Mars. However because the Soviet Union fell and the house race slowed, Sridhar pivoted to offering clear vitality expertise for the rising world center class.
He cofounded Ion America in 2001—renamed Bloom Vitality 5 years later—with a give attention to gasoline cells that ship cleaner, on-site, off-grid energy. Quick ahead to right this moment’s AI race, and Bloom’s merchandise simply so occur to mesh with the wants of the information heart increase that’s ravenous for large energy technology development in a short time.
Gasoline cells can hypothetically convey energy on-line for information facilities in months, not years, as a result of they don’t have to attend for the backlog of gas-fired generators or the lengthy queue for grid interconnections.
Bloom’s inventory worth has spiked 1,000% in 12 months—its market cap is now about $28 billion, up from $2.5 billion a 12 months in the past. The corporate has signed massive information heart offers with Oracle, American Electrical Energy (AEP), Equinix, and Brookfield Asset Administration, the latter of which is a $5 billion partnership introduced Oct. 13 to energy AI factories globally, together with Europe.
Bloom CEO Sridhar truly had information facilities in thoughts as a giant alternative when he first pitched the corporate on the flip of the century. However the large development didn’t take off till after the ChatGPT launch.
“That’s when we said, ‘Everything that we’ve been telling the world is going to happen is now going to accelerate,’” Sridhar instructed Fortune.
“It’s a 24-year journey for an overnight success,” Sridhar mentioned with amusing. “I’m glad it’s in my lifetime.”
Renewable wind and photo voltaic vitality nonetheless have some intermittency points, even with batteries. And a enough provide of gas-fired and nuclear energy stations are a number of years away, he mentioned. That’s why on-site gasoline cells are the reply, he says, each as a bridge and as a everlasting energy answer.
The corporate’s stable oxide gasoline cells are a mature expertise which have been developed over 20 years. Up to now, Bloom has deployed 1.5 gigawatts of gasoline cells—sufficient to energy 1.2 million properties—with demand mounting by the day. The objective is to deploy 10 gigawatts per 12 months from its manufacturing hubs in Fremont, California, and Newark, Delaware.
Gasoline cells have existed for years, however they’ve lacked mainstream adoption due to their excessive manufacturing prices. They require costly treasured metals, corrosive acids, or hard-to-contain molten supplies. Bloom’s stable oxide gasoline cells use lower-cost ceramics—no treasured metals—they usually present a lot better electrical effectivity, working at temperatures above 800 levels Celsius.
The cells convert pure gasoline, hydrogen, or biogas into electrical energy by way of a clear electro-chemical course of quite than soiled combustion. The cells are zero-carbon in the event that they use inexperienced hydrogen, however they’re nonetheless cleaner than gasoline generators even when they use pure gasoline. And the gasoline cells are modular, to allow them to ramp up or down, or be relocated to different information facilities when grid energy turns into out there.
Sridhar acknowledged the lengthy journey to get right here. Bloom took seven years to develop the primary industrial cells. After which one other decade to repeatedly convey the prices down and enhance their effectivity. Within the meantime, Bloom relied on “early adopter” Fortune 100 prospects who have been keen to pay additional to energy for cleaner energy, together with Google, Walmart, eBay, and FedEx.
From unicorn to large-cap inventory
For years, Bloom was hyped as a Silicon Valley unicorn, however in 2012 the SEC charged an funding financial institution working with Bloom of utilizing inflated numbers to mislead buyers. Bloom was not accused of wrongdoing, and the corporate ultimately went public in 2018.
The expertise works extra affordably now since gasoline cell microgrids qualify for tax credit from President Trump’s One Massive Lovely Invoice, mentioned Marina Domingues, head of U.S. new energies analysis for the Rystad Vitality analysis agency. She mentioned they’re akin to the value of energy from combined-cycle gasoline generators, however gasoline cells can come on-line extra rapidly and produce energy extra cleanly.
“Deta centers come with two main wish list requests. One of them is the power must be truly reliable,” she mentioned. “Another one, which is probably the toughest, is that they need power now,” Domingues mentioned. “They’re offering a solution exactly at the same time developers need it. There’s a lot of potential market growth for a company like Bloom.”
Pushing a gasoline cell crucial
A lot of the AI increase’s focus is on large hyperscaler campuses in rural areas, similar to OpenAI’s Stargate undertaking in Abilene, Texas, and past. However Sridhar insists gasoline cells is not going to solely be useful, they’ll develop into crucial as soon as the race is on to construct increasingly more smaller information facilities in more and more city areas nearer to shopper demand.
“The only two raw materials [that AI needs] are data and electricity,” Sridhar mentioned. “It’s extraordinarily electrical energy intense. They’ve to supply their very own energy on web site.
“You’re not going to have any choice but on-site power, because no city has the distribution network that can accommodate those kinds of big [electricity] loads,” Sridhar mentioned, citing Memphis, Tennessee, for example of public outcry amid rising emissions for powering information facilities. “If it’s in your backyard or outside your office window, you want it to be clean.”
Elham Akhavan, Wooden Mackenzie senior microgrid analysis analyst, mentioned Bloom’s opponents—together with FuelCell Vitality, Doosan Group’s HyAxiom, and Plug Energy—supply completely different variations on the expertise however they haven’t but scaled up as a lot as Bloom.
Because the expertise superior, the gasoline cell sector was capable of reposition itself from being a mere supplier of backup energy to a major energy supply—with the grid because the backup, she mentioned.
“Bloom led fuel cell deployment across North America way before data center demand arrived,” Akhavan mentioned. “It’s a prime power solution in a very small footprint, and rest of the land is available for the data centers.”
Domingues mentioned Bloom has a mess of things working to its benefit, together with a head begin on opponents, a home manufacturing chain when Trump is pushing onshoring and tariffs, and an early guess on gasoline cells for “stationary power” when many potential rivals centered on gasoline cells for the transportation sector.
“Bloom bet on the stationary power path, and they also had strong relationships with some of the traditional data center market,” Domingues mentioned. “That allows them some competitive advantages against their peers.”
The corporate is at present unprofitable. Bloom operated at a $29 million web loss in 2024, improved from a roughly $300 million loss in 2023. However Bloom additionally misplaced $66 million within the first half of 2025.
Sridhar insists the dearth of profitability might be quick lived. “We are not one of these companies that has to invest, invest, invest. We’ve already done that part the last 20 years. We have the flywheel spinning already. Accelerating is going to take less and less energy.”
Sridhar mentioned Bloom deliberately constructed its manufacturing crops as precise copies to allow them to proceed to scale up extra rapidly to match demand and supply speedy returns on funding. “We believe the market demand is going to be there because electricity abundance is what’s going to generate a better quality of life and wealth in a digitized world,” he mentioned.
Sridhar continues to be impressed by his desires of Mars: “Living off the land is truly what an explorer does. So, I started producing oxygen, breathing air, water, electricity, heat on Mars so someday humans can live there,” he mentioned. On Earth, “Clean energy is what we need on the planet in a very reliable way, everywhere, and with access.”
