Whereas buyers are busy pouring billions of {dollars} into humanoid robots, an MIT roboticist who has been making robots for 3 a long time claims they’re losing their cash.
Rodney Brooks, the cofounder of Roomba vacuum creator iRobot, stated the concept of humanoid robots as catchall assistants, the longer term Elon Musk envisions, is “pure fantasy thinking,” partially as a result of robots are coordination-challenged.
“Today’s humanoid robots will not learn how to be dexterous despite the hundreds of millions, or perhaps many billions of dollars, being donated by VCs and major tech companies to pay for their training,” stated Brooks in a weblog submit.
The feeling of contact is among the most advanced techniques within the human physique. The human hand incorporates 17,000 low-threshold mechanoreceptors for selecting up gentle touches, which grow to be denser towards the tip of the fingertips. The receptors in your fingers reply to myriad stimuli-like pressures—vibrations in sync with 15 totally different households of neurons. All of this provides as much as a fancy mechanism that people wish to replicate in robots.
Whereas AI has been educated on massive quantities of speech-recognition and image-processing knowledge, “we do not have such a tradition for touch data,” Brooks stated, including he takes subject with the best way each Musk’s Tesla and AI-robotics firm Determine are coaching their humanoid robots, with movies of people performing duties, assuming it will end in vastly improved dexterity.
“If the big tech companies and the VCs throwing their money at large-scale humanoid training spent only 20% as much but gave it all to university researchers I tend to think they would get closer to their goals more quickly,” Brooks stated.
To make certain, Brooks’ former firm iRobot filed for chapter in December after Amazon walked away from buying the corporate in 2024. Its worth has plummeted from round to about $140 million final 12 months from $3.56 billion in 2021. The corporate might be acquired by its fundamental Chinese language producer and lender, though it has stated the restructuring is not going to have an effect on its current merchandise.
Musk, for his half, stated on the World Financial Discussion board in Davos final month that Tesla will begin promoting its Optimus robots to the general public by the tip of 2027. He has beforehand stated Optimus is already performing duties in Tesla factories autonomously. In the meantime, Determine achieved a $39 billion post-money valuation in September final 12 months after its newest billion-dollar fundraise. However in Brooks’ eyes, all this funding provides as much as a extremely costly coaching regime for humanoid robots who is not going to look precisely like us.
Brooks claims profitable robots in 15 years will look nothing like people—and can sport wheels, a number of arms, and presumably five-fingered fingers, although they’ll nonetheless be referred to as “humanoid robots.” However as for in the present day’s efforts, they’ll largely be relegated to the historical past books.
“A lot of money will have disappeared, spent on trying to squeeze performance, any performance, from today’s humanoid robots. But those robots will be long gone and mostly conveniently forgotten,” he stated.
A model of this story initially printed on Fortune.com on Sept. 29, 2025.
